Dilemas éticos y bases filosóficas de la Inteligencia Artificial en educación: una revisión sistemática
Dilemas éticos y bases filosóficas de la Inteligencia Artificial en educación: una revisión sistemáticaContenido principal del artículo
El uso adecuado de la tecnología en educación es crucial para potenciar el aprendizaje sin comprometer los valores humanistas esenciales. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar de manera crítica la evidencia científica disponible entre 2020 y 2025 sobre los dilemas éticos y las bases filosóficas de la Inteligencia Artificial en la educación. Se implementó una revisión sistemática cualitativa con 16 estudios seleccionados mediante la guía PRISMA actualizada. El análisis riguroso de las investigaciones seleccionadas posibilita establecer que la integración de esta disciplina en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje trasciende su función instrumental para convertirse en un fenómeno filosófico que transforma los fundamentos del conocimiento y la enseñanza. Frente a los cuestionamientos posthumanistas, surgen tensiones éticas entre privacidad y personalización, eficiencia y equidad, autonomía humana y automatización. Esta dualidad demanda equilibrar innovación con valores humanistas, redefiniendo el rol docente y preservando su juicio. Se recomienda priorizar la equidad mediante gobernanza ética, transparencia algorítmica y auditorías continuas.
The appropriate use of technology in education is crucial for enhancing learning without compromising humanistic values. This systematic review critically analyzed evidence published between 2020 and 2025 on the ethical dilemmas and philosophical foundations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education. A qualitative review was conducted following updated PRISMA guidelines, with 16 studies included. The analysis highlights that integrating AI into teaching and learning not only supports instructional goals but also fundamentally alters educational philosophy by challenging established concepts of knowledge, teaching, and learning. Ethical tensions arise between privacy and personalization, efficiency and equity, and human autonomy and automation. This duality requires balancing innovation with humanistic principles, redefining the role of teachers while preserving professional judgment. The review recommends prioritizing equity through ethical governance, algorithmic transparency, and ongoing audits.
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